本站原创摘 要 ：温州综合金融改革中非正规金融的发展问题不可忽视.从参与者的微观视角,以瑞安250农户家庭作为样本,对温州农村非正规金融基本情况进行调查,结果显示：温州农村非正规金融参与主体广泛众多且主动参与意愿强烈,而参与主体的个体差异并不明显；生产经营已成为农村非正规金融重要的筹资用途；参与主体信用风险防范意识不强、措施不足.政府应该遵从“从核心到”的思路积极引导农村非正规金融的发展,对非正规金融的合法性边界进行明确界定；积极规范和引导农村非正规金融的借贷方式,培育信用文化；积极搭建各类非正规金融的信息共享平台,尽可能减少各参与主体的信息不对称；同时,还应充分重视和促使非正规金融与正规金融和宏观经济的协调发展.
关 键 词 ：农村非正规金融；正规金融；信用风险；借贷方式；风险防范意识；筹资用途；蓬齐效应；信用文化；地域文化
中图分类号：F832.1；F127 文献标志码：A 文章编号：16748131（2012）04010207
Research on the Development of WenzhouInformal Finance in Rural Area
—Survey and Analysis Based on 250 Rural Households in Ruian
SUN Zhengcheng
(School of Humanities and Management, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Wenzhou 325035, China)
Abstract: The development of informal finance can not be neglected in the prehensive reform of finance of Wenzhou. From a microcoic angle, this paper takes 250 rural households in Ruian as a survey sample to investigate the basic condition of rural informal finance of Wenzhou. The results show that the rural informal finance of Wenzhou has many participants and their participation willing is strong, that the individual difference between the participants is not significant, that production and business he bee the important aim for the rural informal finance and that the risk prevention consciousness of the participants is not strong and prevention measures are not sufficient. The government should actively guide the development of the informal finance by following the idea “from core to surrounding”, clearly define the legal boundary of the informal finance, actively standardize and guide the borrow/lend method of the rural informal finance, cultivate credit culture, actively set up informationsharing platform of all kinds of the informal finance, try to decrease the information asymmetry between each participant, and meanwhile, sufficiently emphasize and boost coordinative development between the informal finance and formal finance as well as macroeconomy.
Key words: aim informal finance, formal finance, credit risk, borrow/lend method, risk prevention consciousness, financing aim, Ponzi Scheme, credit culture, local culture
一、引言
关于非正规金融（informal finance）的概念,一直存有争议,国外文献中使用较多的是“非正规金融市场”这个概念.Steel等（1997）将非正规金融定义为处于央行和金融监管当局规范和监管之外的那些金融活动（王劲松,2004）.国内一些学者认为非正规金融基本等同于民间金融；而曾康霖（2007）认为金融体系分为正规金融和非正规金融,非正规金融体系主要包括私人钱庄、银背、合会、民间（企业）借贷、典当行等；王相敏等（2009）专门对“民间金融”与“非正规金融”进行了比较,也得出类似结论,并认为民间金融的外延大于非正规金融.本文认为,非正规金融是正规金融约束下市场自发的金融深化,是依靠亲缘、血缘、地缘等特定社会关系联结的,处于央行和监管当局监测之外的一种民间金融行为.