本站原创英语语言学试题(6)
Ⅰ.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestpletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10等于20%) 1.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticmunication. A.langueB.petence C.paroleD.performance 2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof(). A.palatalB.alveolar C.bilabialD.dental 3.TranormationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957. A.L.BloomfieldB.F.Saussure C.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday 4.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaccordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues. A.AdjacentConditionB.parameters C.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement 5.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich"girl"and"lass"belongiscalled()synonyms. A.stylisticB.dialectal C.emotiveD.collocational 6.Theillocutionarypointof()istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance. A.representativesB.missives C.expressivesD.declaratives 7.ModernEnglishwordan,woman,child,eat,fight,ect.originatefrom(). A.MiddleEnglishB.OldEnglish C.FrenchD.NormanFrench 8.Inadiglossiccountry,thetwodiglossicformsofalanguagearegenerallytwovarietiesofthesamelanguage,buttherearesituationsinwhichtheH-varietymayheno()relationshipwiththeL-variety. A.geicB.social C.directD.close 9.Manyaphasicsdonotshowtotallanguageloss.Rather,differentaspectsoflanguageareimpaired.Aphasicsin()arearevealword-findingdifficultiesandproblemswithsyntax. A.Werniker'sB.visual C.motorD.Broca's 10.()motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertomunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage. A.InstrumentalB.Functional C.IntegrativeD.Social
Ⅱ.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10等于10%) 11.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe d_____. 12.Stops,fricatives,affricates,liquids,andglidesallhesomedegreeofo____andarethereforeconsonants. 13.M____istheallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage. 14.A_____isthemovementofanauxiliaryverbtothesentence-initialposition,suchas"be","he","do"etc. 15.R____iswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld,itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweenformandthereality. 16.InAustin'searlyspeechacttheory,c____werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable. 17.Intheprocessoffirstlanguageacquisition,childrenusuallyconstructtheirpersonalgrammars,andtheirlanguagedevelopsinstagesuntilita_____thegrammaticalrulesoftheadultlanguage. 18.As_____munityisonegroup,allofwhosememberssharethesamelanguageoratleastasinglelanguagevariety. 19.Peoplemaymunicatetheirfeelingsorthoughtsvian_____signalssuchaacialexpressions,gestures,postures,orproxemicspace. 20.Althoughthedevelopmentofamunicativesystemisnotuniquetohumanbeings,thenaturalacquisitionofl______asasystemofhighlyabstractrulesandregulationorcreativemunicationiswhatdistinguisheshumanromallotheranimalspecies.
Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementialse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10等于20%) 21.()Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech,thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday'sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten. 22.()Insuchsoundbinationsas/bi:p/,/geip/and/su:p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,isunaspirated,i.e.pronouncedwiththestrongpuffofairwithheldtosomeextent. 23.()Thepartofspeechofthepoundisalwaysdeterminedbythepartofspeechofthesecondelement,withoutexception. 24.()Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole. 25.()Thecontextualistviewofmeaningholdsthatmeaningshouldbestudiedintermsofthesituationalcontextandlinguisticcontext. 26.()Searle'sclassificationofillocutionaryactsisbasedontheclassificationofperformativeverbs. 27.()Onekindoflanguagechangeresultsinanincreaseofthenumberofexceptionalorirregularmorphemes.Thiskindofchangehasbeencalledi nternalborrowing—thatis,we"borrow"fromonepartofthegrammarandapplytherulegenerally. 28.()Therearedifferencesinthewaypeopleofvariousagecategoriesspeak.Thedifferenceosteasilynotedbythelaymanarelikelytobegrammaticalinnature. 29.()Thelefthemisphereofthebrainissuperiortotherighthemispherebecausethelefthemisphereislanguage-dominant. 30()AchildborntoaChineseorEnglishspeakingfamilytakesaboutthesamenumberofyearstoacquiretheirnativetongue,regardlessoftheirgeneralintelligence. Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexampleorillustration.(3%×10等于30%) 31.assimilationrule 32.root 33.boundmorphemes 34.surfacestructure 35.grammaticality 36.elaboration 37.bilinguali 38.creole 39.theSapir-Whorfhypothesis 40.fossilization Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2等于20%) 41.Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures.Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning. 42.Explainandgiveexamplestoshowinwhatwayponentialanalysisissimilartotheanalysisofphonemesintodistinctivefeatures.